Issue: Vojnosanit Pregl 2017; Vol. 74 (No. 3)

Differences in IL-1β and IL-6 levels in the gingival crevicular fluid during acute phase of orthodontic tooth movement between juveniles and young adults

Authors:
Amila Vujačić, Aleksandra Konić, Jasna Pavlović, Vera Todorović, Vladanka Vukićević, Danimir Jevremović, Nadežda Milošević-Jovčić

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Background/Aim. There is little information, about the difference
in cytokine levels in the gingival crevicular fluid (GCF)
during orthodontic tooth movement (OTM), between juveniles
(children) and young adults (adults). The aim of this study was
to examine the levels of interleukins IL-1 and IL-6 in GCF of
these two age groups during the acute phase of OTM. Methods.
The subjects, 10 children and 10 adults, underwent OTM
of a single tooth, with an untreated antagonistic tooth used as
the control group. GCF was sampled from both the control
and treatment sites right before the beginning (the baseline)
and 24 h, 72 h and 168 h upon initiation of OTM. Cytokine
levels were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA). Results. The levels of both GCF IL-1 and IL-6
showed a bimodal peak during early phase of OTM, at 24 h
and 168 h, in both age groups. As the statistic has shown, the
increase in IL-1levels was more prominent after 168 h in
treated teeth of children, compared to both children’s control
teeth and treated teeth of adults, whilst the GCF IL-6 levels in
the same group increased significantly after 24 h, as well as after
168 h, approximately 70 and 55 fold, respectively. In the same
time periods the increase of IL-6 levels in GCF of adults was
notably lesser, averaging approximately 5 and 10 fold, respectively,
compared to the control teeth. In addition, the amount
of tooth movement was statistically larger for children than for
adults 168 hours upon the initiation of OTM. Conclusion.
GCF IL-1 and IL-6 were increasingly expressed during initial
phase of OTM in both children and adults. However, excretory
response of cytokines in children’s GCF, especially the concentration
of IL-6, was at a significantly higher level than that of
adults’, which accords to the finding that the initial OTM is
faster in children.